An insert barrel is a barrel that is inserted into the actual, usually fixed barrel of a handgun. It is then locked into the barrel by means of a mechanism so that it is firmly integrated into the weapon.
The purpose of such an insert barrel is to fire smaller caliber ammunition from a barrel system originally developed for larger calibers. Mortise barrels are used in shooting sports as well as for hunting.
Of course, there must be a certain size or diameter difference between the actual, fixed barrel and the insert barrel so that the insert barrel can be inserted into the actual barrel of the weapon at all. Mortise barrels therefore usually have small caliber.
Particularly in the hunting sector, insert barrels are used to be able to fire rifle ammunition from a shotgun bar rel.