The caliber .38 Special (metric: 9 x 29 R) is a revolver caliber that is widely used, especially in the USA.
It is closely related to the more powerful caliber .357 Magnum. Ammunition in .38 Special can be fired from revolvers chambered for the stronger caliber, but the reverse is not possible due to the higher gas pressure.
Other designations for the caliber include 38 S&W Special and 9 × 29 mm R.