The caliber .40 S & W is a relatively powerful pistol caliber with metric dimensions of 10 x 22 mm. Other designations include .40, .40 Auto, .40 Liberty, and 10 mm short.
The cartridge was developed in 1990 by Smith & Wesson because the previously popular law enforcement caliber 10 mm Auto had a relatively strong recoil. The cartridge, which delivers less energy than the 10 mm Auto, is still up to 40% stronger than the caliber 9 x 19, which is now preferred by most law enforcement agencies due to its more pleasant shooting behavior.
The caliber .30 S & W is also available as subsonic ammunition.
The muzzle velocity V0 is about 310 - 490 m/s, and the bullet energy E0 is approximately 500-1000 Joules.
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