The MP40, an abbreviation for "Maschinenpistole 1940", is one of the most iconic firearms of the 20th century and was widely used by the German armed forces during the Second World War. Developed as a successor to the MP38, the MP40 featured a number of improvements that made it an effective and reliable weapon for infantry units, particularly paratroopers, tank crews and officers on the front line.

Development history

The development of the MP40 was based on experience gained with the earlier MP38. While the MP38 was still largely made of machined steel and was therefore expensive and time-consuming to manufacture, the MP40 made greater use of stamped metal parts and welded joints, which simplified and accelerated production. The MP40 was designed by Heinrich Vollmer and manufactured by Erma Werke, with production beginning in 1940 and continuing until the end of the Second World War in 1945.

Technical specifications

• Caliber: 9mm Parabellum
• Weight: Approx. 4 kg (empty)
• Length: Approx. 630 mm with shoulder stock folded in, 833 mm with shoulder stock folded out
• Magazine capacity: 32 rounds
• Rate of fire: Approx. 500 rounds per minute
• Effective range: Approx. 100 to 200 meters

The MP40 was designed as a submachine gun and fired from a closed breech, which increased its accuracy in automatic firing mode. It had a simple and robust mechanism that made it reliable in the harsh conditions of the battlefield.

Design features

The MP40 is particularly known for its distinctive appearance, including the forward-folding shoulder stock, which gave it a compact shape for transportation. The weapon was mainly made of metal, with few plastic parts such as the grip panels, which improved its durability in combat conditions. A characteristic feature was also the lack of a fire selector lever; the MP40 could only fire in fully automatic mode, forcing the shooter to conserve ammunition by firing short bursts.

Use in the Second World War

The MP40 was used in all theaters of war during the Second World War and gained a considerable reputation among friend and foe alike. It was used by regular German units as well as SS troops, paratroopers and special units. Due to its reliability, ease of use and effective firepower, it became one of the most symbolic weapons of the war.

Legacy

After the war, the MP40 was used in various conflicts and by numerous armed forces around the world. Its design and influence can be seen in many later developed submachine guns. Today, the MP40 is a coveted collector's item and a popular weapon for historical re-enactments. Its distinctive design and history have also made it a common object in movies, video games and books about World War II.

In summary, the MP40 was a revolutionary development in 20th century weaponry whose design principles, combat effectiveness and cultural significance ensure its enduring place in military history.