The German gun law is one of the strictest in the world and regulates the acquisition and possession of firearms in detail. To legally own firearms, individuals usually need a firearms ownership card (WBK). Below is an overview of the requirements for obtaining a WBK as well as the legal obligations after acquisition.

1. Requirements: The Need Principle

The legal basis for issuing a WBK is the existence of a recognized need. Common needs include:

• Hunting: Possession of a valid hunting license entitles the holder to acquire long guns for hunting as well as up to two handguns.
• Sport Shooting: A minimum one-year membership in a recognized shooting sports club and regular training (at least once a month or 18 times a year) are required. The club provides written confirmation of the need.
• Weapon Collecting: A collection concept is necessary, which outlines scientific or cultural reasons for the acquisition. The responsible authority reviews and approves the concept.
• Other Needs: This includes professional reasons such as security services or activities in public service.

2. Application: How to Apply for a WBK

The application for the WBK is made at the responsible firearms authority at the place of residence. The following documents are usually required for the application:

• Proof of Need: For example, a hunting license, a club certificate, or an approved collection concept.
• Proof of Expertise: This demonstrates knowledge in handling firearms. Hunters can use their hunting license as proof.
• Certificate of Conduct: The authority checks the reliability of the applicant based on an extended certificate of conduct.
• Proof of Safe Storage: The applicant must prove possession of a certified gun cabinet.

3. Official Checks

Before issuing a WBK, the firearms authority subjects the applicant to comprehensive checks:

• Reliability Check: It is ensured that there are no criminal records or extremist activities. A violation of the gun law leads to rejection.
• Fitness Check: The applicant must be physically and mentally capable of safely handling weapons. For applicants under 25 years, a medical expert's report is required.
• Information Gathering: The authority obtains information from the Federal Central Register, the public prosecutor's procedural register, the police, and the Office for the Protection of the Constitution.

4. Obligations After Receiving the WBK

After approval, WBK holders must adhere to strict regulations:

• Use: Weapons may only be used for approved purposes such as hunting or sport shooting. Unauthorized carrying is punishable.
• Transport: Weapons must be unloaded and transported in locked containers. Ammunition may be carried in accordance with hazardous goods regulations (max. 3 kg net/50 kg gross weight).
• Storage: Weapons and ammunition must be stored in certified gun cabinets of security levels 0 or 1 according to DIN/EN 1143-1. Transitional provisions apply to older gun cabinets with VDMA standards.
• Inspections: Unannounced inspections of storage by the authority are possible. Violations can result in fines or the revocation of the WBK.

5. Age Limits

• From 18 years: Acquisition of ammunition and certain weapons exempt from permits, such as blank-firing guns, as well as application for a WBK for hunters or sport shooters.
• Under 25 years: Applicants must provide a medical certificate regarding mental fitness, especially when acquiring large-caliber weapons (possible from 21 years).

Glossary

• Firearms Ownership Card (WBK): Permit document for the possession of firearms.
• Need: Legally recognized reason, e.g., hunting, sport shooting, weapon collecting.
• Proof of Expertise: Documented knowledge of gun law and safety.
• Reliability Check: Verification of criminal records and extremist activities.
• Gun Cabinet: Secure container for storing firearms and ammunition.
• Blank-Firing Guns: Weapons exempt from permits that do not fire live ammunition.
• Hazardous Goods Regulations: Regulations for the transport of ammunition and hazardous goods.

The gun law 2024 ensures that only suitable individuals may possess firearms under the strictest conditions. Those who meet all requirements can legally apply for a WBK and must comply with the associated obligations at all times.