CS gas, also known as tear gas, is named after its discoverers, the chemists Corson and Stoughton. It is a chemical compound (2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile) specifically developed to produce a loud bang without significant light effects. Originally used in a military context for ceremonies, CS gas is now primarily used by security forces and in self-defense.

Pepper spray, on the other hand, is made from capsaicin, the active ingredient that gives chili peppers their heat. Legally, the use of pepper spray in Germany is primarily restricted to animal defense, but it can also be used against humans in cases of self-defense or emergency assistance when no other means of defense are available. This difference in the readiness for use of both substances is particularly important for responsible handling.

Mechanism of Action and Effectiveness

A key difference between CS gas and pepper spray lies in their mechanisms of action. While pepper spray is generally considered highly effective, as it causes intense pain and temporary blindness, the effectiveness of CS gas varies from person to person. Some individuals are immune to the irritant of CS gas, especially if their pain sensitivity is impaired by alcohol, drugs, or medical conditions. In contrast, pepper spray works more reliably against a broader range of targets, as it also irritates through skin contact, not just through mucous membranes and airways like CS gas.

Safety Precautions and First Aid

When using pepper spray or CS gas, certain safety precautions should always be taken. This includes wearing protective clothing and maintaining a safe distance. If pepper spray gets into the eyes, it is essential to rinse them immediately with plenty of water and remove contact lenses to avoid further contamination. In case of skin contact, the affected area must be thoroughly washed with soap to prevent further irritation. If pepper spray is ingested, rinsing the mouth with milk can help, as milk binds the fat-soluble irritant.

Legal Aspects and Availability

Both products are regulated in Germany, with CS gas being subject to stricter restrictions. Pepper spray is more accessible under the designation "animal defense spray" and can be purchased without special permission. Since the increased security needs of the population, such defense sprays have become increasingly available on platforms like eGun or in local stores such as gunsmith shops and even drugstores.

The effective use of CS gas or pepper spray requires not only an understanding of their chemical and physiological effects but also of the legal framework. The ability to use these means correctly can be crucial in a self-defense situation, but it requires practice and caution to avoid unintentionally harming oneself or others.