For a long time, babesiosis, also known as canine malaria, was considered a typical "Mediterranean disease". However, the risk of infection with this disease has now increased in Germany as well, since the main vector, the alluvial tick, has become native here. In this article you will learn how to determine whether your dog is infected and what treatment options are available in the event of an infection.

What is babesiosis and how is it transmitted?

Babesiosis, also called canine malaria, is caused by single-celled parasites called babesia. These parasites multiply in the dog's body after a tick bite and destroy red blood cells. Unlike human malaria, babesiosis is transmitted by ticks rather than mosquitoes. It is important to know that the disease only affects dogs and there is no direct risk of infection for humans.

Distribution of babesiosis in Germany

Babesiosis used to occur mainly in the Mediterranean region, but is now also spreading in Germany. In particular, dogs that come from southern European countries or have traveled with their owners to affected areas are at risk. Babesiosis is still relatively rare in Germany, but precautions should still be taken to prevent infection. It is important to note that the disease can often be more severe for dogs in Germany than for native dogs in affected areas.

Symptoms of babesiosis in dogs

Symptoms of babesiosis may appear as early as one day after infection, but it may take up to three weeks for the first signs to become apparent. The severity of the disease depends on the species of babesia, among other factors. In some cases, babesiosis can take an acute course, while in others it becomes chronic. Typical symptoms include:

• Apathy
• Loss of appetite
• Weight loss
• Fever over 40 degrees Celsius
• Diarrhea
• Water retention
• Renal insufficiency
• Yellow mucous membranes
• Bloody colored urine
• Anemia
• Lack of condition
• Hemorrhages in skin and mucous membranes
• Signs of paralysis

Diagnosis of babesiosis in dogs

If babesiosis is suspected, a veterinarian should be consulted. Important information here is whether the dog has been abroad and whether a tick infestation may have occurred. The veterinarian will take a blood sample and can examine it under the microscope. If the diagnosis is not clear, a special PCR test can be performed to verify babesiosis. If symptoms are clear, drug therapy can be started immediately. Early treatment is crucial for a successful recovery of the dog.

Treatment of babesiosis in dogs

Treatment of babesiosis is usually accomplished by administering a drug that is effective against babesia. The exact duration and intensity of treatment depends on the dog's general condition and the severity of the disease. The drug is usually injected, and accompanying infusions of fluids and blood may be given to support the dog. It is important to note that babesiosis is a serious infectious disease and treatment is not always successful. Therefore, timely prophylaxis against tick bites is the best way to protect the dog from infection with babesiosis.

Prevention of babesiosis in dogs

Since babesiosis is transmitted exclusively by ticks, consistent prevention is of great importance. This is true in both summer and winter, as ticks can be active even in low temperatures. Many dog owners do not start tick protection until it is already too late. It is important to use tick collars, spot-on preparations or sprays in time to protect the dog from tick bites.

After each walk, the dog should be thoroughly checked for ticks. If a tick has already bitten, it should be removed immediately with tick tongs, regardless of the direction of rotation. Quick removal reduces the risk of transmission of pathogens.

Summary

Babesiosis, also known as canine malaria, is a tick-borne disease that is increasingly occurring in Germany. It is important to recognize the symptoms of babesiosis and see a veterinarian early to diagnose and begin treatment. Consistent prevention of tick bites is the best protection against infection with babesiosis. Regular checks and the use of appropriate tick repellents can minimize the risk of infection and protect the dog's health.