Large dog breeds die significantly earlier compared to small dogs. Scientists have found that this is due to cell biological processes. In the animal kingdom, the size of a creature usually seems to have a positive effect on life expectancy, but this is different in dogs. Breeding large dogs has unintentionally resulted in a shortened life span, while small dogs have a longer life expectancy.

The effects of size on life expectancy in dogs.

The size differences between dog breeds are sometimes extreme. Selective breeding has resulted in breeds that vary greatly not only in size, but also in conformation, coat type, and coat color. For example, an Irish Wolfhound can be up to 50 times larger than a Chihuahua, although both dogs belong to the same species. Breeding efforts focused mainly on producing larger dogs, and the life expectancy of the animals was neglected. This unintentionally caused large dog breeds to die earlier compared to small dogs.

The influence of the growth process

The growth process plays an important role in the difference in life expectancy between large and small dogs. Puppies of large dog breeds grow faster and gain weight quickly. An adult Great Dane can weigh up to 90 kilograms, while an adult Chihuahua reaches a maximum of three kilograms. The rapid physical growth of puppies of large dog breeds requires a huge energy intake. This process leads to the formation of harmful molecules called free radicals, which are present in the cells. Studies have shown that puppies of large dog breeds have a higher concentration of free radicals compared to small dogs.

The harmful effects of free radicals

Free radicals are molecules that are missing an electron. To replace their missing electron, they try to steal electrons from other cells, which can cause damage to cell membranes. This damage can lead to various diseases, including cancer. Fortunately, there are antioxidants in the body that can neutralize the harmful effects of free radicals. However, a higher concentration of free radicals also requires a higher amount of antioxidants.

The effects on aging of large breeds of dogs

The high metabolism and rapid growth of large dog breeds results in the production of many free radicals. Since the concentration of free radicals is greater than the amount of available antioxidants, damage to cells occurs. This oxidative stress accelerates the aging process and causes large dog breeds to age and die earlier than small dogs.

The importance of the findings for dog breeding and health care

The findings about the cell biological processes associated with dog longevity have important implications for dog breeding and health care. Breeders should pay attention not only to the size and external appearance of dogs, but also to their health and life expectancy. Conscious selection of breeding partners with these factors in mind can help increase the life expectancy of dogs.

It is important for dog owners to consider the specific needs of large breeds. An appropriate diet, regular veterinary examinations, and adequate exercise can help promote the health and longevity of these dogs. Research shows that lifestyle and care can have a significant impact on dog longevity.

Although large dog breeds have a shortened lifespan compared to small dogs, conscious breed selection and proper care can help increase life expectancy. Differences in cell biological processes, particularly those associated with rapid growth in large dog breeds, contribute significantly to these differences. Through judicious selection of breeding partners and comprehensive health care, dog breeders and owners can help large dogs live long and healthy lives.